System and method for distrubuting liquid flow into predetermined proportions

ABSTRACT

A system configured to distribute liquid flow into predetermined proportions is provided. The system includes a distributor defining a plurality of distributor outlets configured to deliver liquid from the distributor. A receptacle is positioned to receive liquid, the receptacle defining a plurality of receptacle outlets oriented to deliver liquid portions toward the distributor outlets. The receptacle is selfleveling such that liquid is divided by the receptacle outlets into predetermined proportions.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a system for distributing liquid flow intopredetermined proportions. More specifically, this invention provides asystem having a distributor and a self-leveling receptacle to helpensure even distribution of liquids such as effluent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In various applications and industries, there is often a need to providefor dividing and distributing of liquids. For example, there is often aneed to distribute waste liquid, including wastewater and effluent. Inparticular, systems are sought for dividing the flow of wastewater,effluent, or other liquid into two or more equal aliquots, or otherproportions, for distribution to separate outlets. The divided flow isthen transferred to, for example, other treatment processes or differentleach lines in a leach field. In the field of sewage treatment, such aliquid distribution system for dividing the flow of wastewater,effluent, or other liquid into two or more equal aliquots is referred toas a distribution box or D-box.

Many wastewater and sewage disposal systems are designed to dispersewastewater and/or effluent discharged from a wastewater storage systemor septic tank into an absorption field. For example, the effluentdischarged from a septic tank is conventionally directed first into astandard effluent distribution box. The distribution box is intended todivide the flow of effluent into separate, reasonably equal quantitiesof effluent, which then pass through separate discharge pipes fordistribution in the absorption field. This division of effluent preventsoverloading in a single discharge pipe. Unequal discharge of effluentcan result in disproportionately high effluent loading in a portion ofthe discharge pipes, which can saturate the soil in one location whileother locations receive only minimal effluent.

Conventionally, distribution boxes have one singular sump, relyingexclusively on the inherent characteristics of liquids to seek their ownlevel and divide themselves into separate flows by means of a number ofdischarge pipes connected to the singular sump. Each discharge pipedirects an allocated portion of the effluent into different locations inthe absorption field. Each of the discharge pipes in the distributionbox is set at the same elevation to encourage distribution of equalquantities of effluent into each of the discharge pipes. If thedischarge pipes are set at different elevations, effluent entering thedistribution box tends to flow out of the discharge pipe that is locatedat the lowest elevation in the distribution box, even if the differencein elevation among the discharge pipes is minimal.

Even recognizing the need to maintain the discharge pipes located withinthe distribution box at the same elevation, it is often difficult toinstall the discharge pipes perfectly level within the ground.Furthermore, even if the discharge pipes are properly installed so thatthey are level within the ground, it is often difficult to maintain themin a level position because of settling of the ground and othernaturally occurring events. For example, components such as septictanks, distribution boxes, interconnecting pipes, and leach fieldscommonly shift shortly after installation due to the settling ofbackfill in their vicinity. Also, such components sometimes shift whenthe soil around them heaves or falls due to frost action or due toshrinking or swelling related to changes in moisture content. Foot orvehicular traffic, erosion, earthquakes, and other events can also causecomponents to shift and move out of level.

A number of distribution systems have been proposed over the years.However, when a distribution box shifts after installation and theoutlet pipes are no longer at their intended elevations, conventionalsystems fail to adequately compensate.

Even those discharge systems previously proposed to solve the problem ofequalizing the flow of effluent out of a distribution box require humanintervention. In other words, such systems must be monitored, inspected,and adjusted by a person. Due to the potentially severe consequences ofdisproportionate effluent loading, such monitoring and inspection may bea frequent operation taking considerable time and effort. Accordingly,there remains a need for a liquid distribution system that minimizes oreven eliminates the need for human intervention after installation tomaintain the intended distribution of liquid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides asystem configured to distribute liquid flow into predeterminedproportions. The system includes a distributor defining a plurality ofdistributor outlets configured to deliver liquid from the distributor. Areceptacle is positioned to receive liquid, the receptacle defining aplurality of receptacle outlets oriented to deliver liquid portionstoward the distributor outlets. The receptacle is self-leveling suchthat liquid is divided by the receptacle outlets into predeterminedproportions.

A further exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides amethod for distributing liquid flow into predetermined proportions. Themethod includes supplying liquid to a receptacle and delivering liquidfrom the receptacle through a plurality of receptacle outlets and towardoutlets of a distributor. The receptacle is self-leveling with respectto the distributor such that liquid is divided by the receptacle outletsinto predetermined proportions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the exemplaryembodiments illustrated in the figures, of which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a systemconfigured to distribute liquid flow into predetermined proportions inaccordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a distributorsystem in accordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 2, with side outlets in a level positionutilizing floats in accordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 3, in a tilted position;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the distributor system illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a receptacleconfigured for use with the distributor system illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of areceptacle in accordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of another exemplaryembodiment of a distributor system with bottom outlets in a levelposition utilizing floats in accordance with aspects of the presentinvention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 8, in a tilted position;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of yet anotherexemplary embodiment of a distributor system in a level positionutilizing a support in accordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 10, in a tilted position;

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of still anotherexemplary embodiment of a distributor system in a level positionutilizing a suspended member in accordance with aspects of the presentinvention;

FIG. 13 a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributor systemillustrated in FIG. 12, in a tilted position;

FIG. 14 is a plan view of yet another exemplary embodiment of adistributor system utilizing separation walls in accordance with aspectsof the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a modified schematic cross-sectional side view of thedistributor system illustrated in FIG. 14, with side outlets in a levelposition, illustrating a notched receptacle and utilizing floats inaccordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the distributor component of the systemillustrated in FIG. 14, with other system components removed to moreclearly illustrate the configuration of the separation walls;

FIG. 17 is a plan view of still another exemplary embodiment in whichthe receptacle floats and the distributor compartment separation wallsare used to maintain the horizontal alignment of the receptacle outletswith respect to the distributor compartments;

FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 17, with side outlets in a level position;

FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 17, with side outlets in a tilted leftposition;

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distributorsystem illustrated in FIG. 17, with side outlets in a tilted rightposition;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of an exemplary lid having an extension for thepurpose of pushing down on the center of the receptacle, for thedistributor system shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of the exemplary lid shown inFIG. 21; and

FIG. 23 is a plan view of still another exemplary embodiment having 8outlets in which the receptacle floats and the distributor compartmentseparation walls are used to maintain the horizontal alignment of thereceptacle outlets with respect to the distributor compartments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary features of embodiments of this invention will now bedescribed with reference to the figures. It will be appreciated that thespirit and scope of the invention is not limited to the embodimentsselected for illustration. Also, it should be noted that the drawingsare not rendered to any particular scale or proportion. It iscontemplated that any of the configurations and materials describedhereafter can be modified within the scope of this invention.

Generally, with reference to FIGS. 1-23, the present invention providesa system, such as exemplary systems 20, 120, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720,and 920 that is configured to distribute liquid flow “A” intopredetermined proportions. The system includes a distributor, such asexemplary distributors 16, 116, 316, 416, 516, 616, 716, and 916defining a plurality of distributor outlets, such as exemplary outputsor outlets 18C, 118C, 318C, 418C, 518C, 618C, 718C, 918C, 18D, 118D,318D, 418D, 518D, 618D, 718D, and 918D configured to deliver liquid fromthe distributor. A receptacle, such as exemplary receptacles 14, 114,214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714, and 914 is positioned to receive liquid.The receptacle defines a plurality of receptacle outlets, such asexemplary outlets 128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628, 728, and 928 oriented todeliver liquid portions “B” toward distributor outlets 118C, 318C, 418C,and 518C; or toward compartments 636C, 736C and 936C from which liquidflows to distributor outlets 618C, 718C and 918C; or toward compartments136 and 336 from which liquid flows into overflow tubes 126 and 326 thendistributor outlets 118D and 318D; or toward compartments 636E, 736E,and 936E from which liquid flows into overflow tubes 626, 726, and 926to compartments 636D, 736D and 936D, and then to outlets 618D, 718D, and918D. The receptacle can optionally be either pivotally mounted formovement with respect to the distributor, or horizontal orientation ofthe receptacle with respect to the distributor can be maintained byhaving the receptacle floats or some part of the receptacle itselfcontact the distributor compartment separators or some other surfaceattached to the distributor. The receptacle is self-leveling such thatliquid is divided by the receptacle outlets into predeterminedproportions.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method forconfiguring a liquid distributor, such as distributors 16, 116, 316,416, 516, 616, 716, and 916 to distribute liquid flow “A” intopredetermined proportions. The method includes positioning a receptacle,such as receptacles 14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714, and 914 toreceive liquid and orienting receptacle outlets, such as outlets 128,228, 328, 428, 528, 628, 728, and 928 to deliver liquid towarddistributor outlets, such as outlets 18C, 118C, 318C, 418C, 518C, 618C,718C, 918C, 18D, 118D, 318D, 418D, 518D, 618D, 718D, and 918D. Thereceptacle can optionally be either pivotally mounted for movement andfor self-leveling with respect to the liquid distributor or horizontalorientation of the receptacle with respect to the distributor can bemaintained by having the receptacle floats or some portion of thereceptacle itself contact the distributor compartment separators or someother surface attached to the distributor and the receptacle isotherwise allowed to move such that liquid is divided by the receptacleoutlets into the predetermined proportions.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides a method fordistributing liquid flow “A” into predetermined proportions. The methodincludes supplying liquid to a receptacle, such as receptacles 14, 114,214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714, and 914 and delivering liquid from thereceptacle through a plurality of receptacle outlets, such as outlets128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628, 728, and 928 and toward outlets, such asoutlets 18C, 118C, 318C, 418C, 518C, 618C, 718C, 918C, 18D, 118D, 318D,418D, 518D, 618D, 718D, and 918D of a distributor, such as distributors16, 116, 316, 416, 516, 616, 716, and 916. The receptacle isself-leveling with respect to the distributor such that liquid isdivided by the receptacle outlets into predetermined proportions.

Referring specifically to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG.1, the present invention provides a system configured to distributeliquid flow into predetermined proportions. Liquid, typically wastewaterand/or effluent in one application of the present invention, isdischarged from a source 10, typically a wastewater storage system orseptic tank, to an inlet 12 of a receptacle 14. The receptacle 14 isself-leveling with respect to a distributor 16. The self-levelingfeature helps to ensure an even distribution of liquid from thedistributor 16 to outputs 18C, 18D for distribution such as to anabsorption field. As is made clear throughout this description, thepresent invention encompasses various embodiments of the receptacle 14and the distributor 16 illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a distributor generallydesignated as 116. The distributor 116 includes an interior (not shown)to receive liquid (not shown) through an inlet (not shown) that may beformed in a lid 122 or in a side of the distributor 116, and a pluralityof distributor outlets 118C, 118D configured to deliver liquid from theinterior of the distributor 116. Grommets or seals 124 may be utilizedat the distributor outlets 118C, 118D to help ensure watertight seals.

FIG. 2 illustrates that the exemplary distributor 116 has a cubicalshape, wherein the distributor outlets 118C, 118D are disposedsubstantially 90 degrees apart. However, the present invention is notlimited to a cubical-shaped distributor 116. For example, distributor116 may have a triangular horizontal cross-section, a circularhorizontal cross-section, or any other shape that includes a desirableconfiguration of distributor outlets 118C, 118D, or the like for thedistribution of liquid.

Exemplary distributor 116 is made from molded or otherwise formedplastic. However, any non-corrosive material, metal or plastic, capableof maintaining the structure of the distributor 116 is suitable.

FIG. 2 illustrates that the distributor outlets 118C, 118D, and the likeare tubular-shaped with circular cross-sections. However, the presentinvention is not limited to circular cross-sectioned distributor outlets118C, 118D. A variety of hollow shapes or openings may be utilized, solong as they accommodate fluid flow. The exemplary distributor outlets118C, 118D may be made from polyvinyl chloride or any othernon-corrosive material capable of accommodating fluid flow. Othermaterials can be substituted as well.

Referring next to FIG. 3, an exemplary embodiment of a receptacle,generally designated as 114, is illustrated. As illustrated in FIG. 3, asystem 120 is configured to distribute liquid flow “A” intopredetermined proportions “C” and “D.” The system 120 includes adistributor 116 in a level position (as illustrated) defining aplurality of distributor outlets 118C, 118D configured to deliver liquidfrom the distributor 116. The receptacle 114 is positioned to receiveliquid, the receptacle 114 defining a plurality of receptacle outlets128 oriented to deliver liquid portions “B” toward the distributoroutlets 118C, 118D. The receptacle 114 is pivotally mounted for movementwith respect to the distributor 116, and is self-leveling such thatliquid is divided by the receptacle outlets 128 into predeterminedproportions.

Although the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a receptacle thatis pivotally mounted for movement with respect to the distributor, suchpivotal mounting of the receptacle is not necessary and is optionallyomitted. In other words, the receptacle need not be mounted, pivotallyor otherwise, to or with respect to the distributor. As shown in theembodiments selected for illustration in FIGS. 17 to 23 and elsewhere,the relationship between the receptacle and the distributor can takemany forms.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the distributor includes a lid 122 and aninlet pipe 112 positioned to deliver liquid to the receptacle 114. Thedistributor outlets 118C, 118D distribute liquid flow “C” and “D” fromthe distributor's interior 136. An overflow tube 126 is positioned nearthe center of the distributor's interior 136, and a bracket 140 securesa support or vertical restraint 138 to the overflow tube 126. Thereceptacle 114 is pivotally mounted to the distributor 116 by means ofthe vertical restraint 138 and a universal joint 142. The universaljoint 142 permits the receptacle 114 to pivot without rotating about theaxis of the vertical restraint 138, while the vertical restraint 138prevents the receptacle 114 from moving vertically. At least one float132 (two shown) Is coupled to the receptacle 114 via a float connector134.

FIG. 3 illustrates that the exemplary floats 132 have a spherical shape,wherein they are disposed substantially 180 degrees apart. However, thepresent invention is not limited to spherical-shaped floats 132. Forexample, float 132 may be cubical-shaped, triangular-shaped, or anyother shape that provides the required buoyancy. Furthermore, thepresent invention is not limited to two floats 132 disposedsubstantially 180 degrees apart. For example, four floats disposedsubstantially 90 degrees apart may be utilized, as illustrated anddescribed subsequently with reference to FIG. 5. Any other number andconfiguration of floats may be utilized, so long as the necessarybuoyancy is achieved.

Exemplary float 132 is made from polystyrene foam. However, any materialcapable of providing the necessary buoyancy is suitable. Furthermore,the floats 132 may be made from a material that is inflated with air toprovide the required buoyancy.

FIG. 3 illustrates that the float connectors 134 are straight memberswith a 90-degree elbow. However, the present invention is not limited tosuch a configuration. A variety of member shapes may be utilized, solong as they rigidly secure the floats 132 to the receptacle 114. Theexemplary float connectors 134 may be made from wood, plastic, metal, orany other material capable of providing the necessary rigidity.

In the illustrated embodiment, the receptacle outlets 128 are conduitsor pipes. As will be described subsequently with reference to FIG. 7,another exemplary embodiment of the receptacle, generally designated as214, includes outlets 228 that are formed as weirs or notches, asopposed to the conduits or pipes 128 of receptacle 114.

During operation of the distribution system embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3, liquid flow “A” is delivered from a source through the inletpipe 112 to the receptacle 114. The liquid flow “B” is then deliveredthrough the receptacle outlets 128. A portion of liquid flow “B” isdelivered to distributor outlet 118C to be distributed as liquid flow“C,” while another portion of liquid flow “B” collects in thedistributor interior 136 as liquid 130. The liquid level “L” rises inthe distributor interior 136, and the buoyancy of the floats 132 incontact with the liquid 130 ensures that the receptacle outlets 128reside in a plane substantially parallel to the level “L” of liquid 130collected in the distributor interior 136. In other words, the buoyancyof the floats 132, combined with the pivoting action of the universaljoint 142, function to maintain the receptacle 114 (and thereby thereceptacle outlets 128) horizontally level, even when the distributor116 is not level, as illustrated in FIG. 4. In effect, the receptacle114 is configured to remain horizontally level by the force of gravitywhen the distributor 116 is not level.

The liquid level “L” continues to rise in the distributor interior 136until it reaches the top opening of the overflow tube 126, at which timethe liquid 130 that enters the overflow tube 126 is distributed throughdistributor outlet 118D as liquid flow “D.”

In the case where the outlets 128 of receptacle 114 are designed toproduce equal rates of flow “B” from each outlet 128 when the receptacle114 is level, because the receptacle 114 is maintained substantiallyhorizontally level regardless of the angle at which the distributor 116is positioned, the rates of flow “B” are substantially equal. In otherwords, the rate at which flow “B” collects in the distributor interior136, thereby causing the level “L” of liquid 130 to rise and fluid flow“D” to be distributed through distributor outlet 118D, is the same asthe rate at which flow “B” is delivered to distributor outlet 118C to bedistributed as liquid flow “C.” Consequently, separate, reasonably equalquantities of liquid 130 pass through the distributor outlets 118C, 118Dfor distribution in an absorption field.

Means for suppressing movement of liquid collected in the interior ofthe distributor as the distributor moves can be provided. Moreparticularly, it may be necessary or desirable to incorporate astructure in the interior region of the distributor to prevent or reducethe movement, flow, or “sloshing” of liquid contained therein. Forexample, in some applications of this invention, the distributor maymove to such an extent that its contents slosh from one side to another.For example, if mounted on a marine vessel such as a surface ship or asubmarine, the distributor may move as the marine vessel moves, therebycausing the liquid in the distributor to slosh. Such sloshing couldcause erratic movement of the receptacle.

By including a structure to suppress such movement of the contents ofthe distributor, this “sloshing” effect is minimized or eliminated.Suitable suppressing means can optionally include one or more of anorifice for limiting flow between or among portions of the interior ofthe distributor, a baffle positioned to at least partially separateinterior portions of the distributor, a porous medium for modifying orimpeding the flow of liquid within the distributor's interior, or anyother known structure for inhibiting liquid movement within a space. Thebottom of the distributor 116 may optionally be made in a hemisphericalshape to help minimize sloshing and wave action in the interior 136 ofthe distributor 116.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the embodiment of the distributor 116represented in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 illustrates that four floats 132 can beattached to the receptacle 114 via float connectors 134. However, asdescribed previously, the present invention is not limited to fourfloats 132, and may include any float configuration that provides thenecessary buoyancy to keep the receptacle floating level in the liquid130. A system utilizing a single float shaped for liquid contact or anyother number of floats is also contemplated. Preferably, the float orfloats are shaped and positioned with respect to the receptacle or toone another so as to maintain the receptacle in an orientationcorresponding to the surface of the liquid. Most preferable, the floator floats define a plane substantially parallel to the plane of thereceptacle outlets.

FIG. 5 also illustrates only one distributor outlet 118C that receivesliquid flow “B” directly from a receptacle outlet 128 (the otherdistributor outlet 118D receives flow from liquid 130 contained in theinterior 136 of the distributor 116). However, the present invention isnot limited to only one such distributor outlet, and may include anynumber of receptacle outlets 128 with corresponding distributor outlets118C for the even (or otherwise proportioned) distribution of liquid.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the receptacle 114 represented in FIGS.3-5, but illustrating four receptacle outlets 128. The receptacle 114includes three receptacle outlets 128 for delivering liquid directly todistributor outlets, and one receptacle outlet 128 for delivering liquidinto the interior of the distributor for collection.

Though receptacle outlets 128 can be provided in any known form, theembodiment of receptacle 114 illustrated in FIG. 6 includes outlets inthe form of conduits or passageways. More specifically, three of theconduits or passageways of the receptacle 114 are oriented in such a waythat they deliver liquid flow “B” to distributor outlets “C,” and onereceptacle outlet 128 delivers liquid flow “B” for collection in thedistributor interior 136 and resulting in eventual distribution ofliquid flow “D” through distributor outlet 118D. As describedpreviously, the present invention may include any number of receptacleoutlets 128 with corresponding distributor outlets 118C and 118D for thedistribution of liquid.

A preferred receptacle 114 is made from molded or otherwise formedplastic. However, any non-corrosive material, metal or plastic, capableof capturing liquid is suitable.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of thereceptacle, generally designated as 214. As illustrated, the receptacleoutlets 228 are formed as weirs or notches, as opposed to the conduitsor pipes of receptacle 114. The function and operation of receptacle 214is virtually the same as that of receptacle 114, described previouslywith reference to FIGS. 3-6. The receptacle outlets 228 are shaped orotherwise configured to direct or concentrate flow from the receptacle214. The embodiment of outlets 228 shown in FIG. 7 acts like a spout todirect flow from the receptacle 214. While weir and notch shapes aresuitable to meet this purpose, it will be appreciated that any knownshape and configuration can be used for outlets 228 to direct flow fromthe receptacle 214.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate an embodiment of a liquid distribution system320 adapted to accommodate circumstances in which the distributor 316 istilted at an extreme angle. Like system 120, system 320 includes adistributor 316, distributor outlets 318C, 318D, a receptacle 314, aplurality of receptacle outlets 328, a lid 322, an inlet pipe 312, adistributor interior 336, an overflow tube 326, a bracket 340, avertical restraint 338, a universal joint 342, at least one float 332,and a float connector 334.

To ensure that liquid flow “B” is delivered through the distributoroutlet 318C as fluid flow “C,” a conduit such as a flexible hose 344connects the receptacle outlet 328 to the distributor outlet 318C. Inthis embodiment, both of the distributor outlets 318C and 318D areoriented downwardly and are positioned toward the center of thedistributor 316. As is illustrated in FIG. 9, in which the distributoris tilted at a significant angle, the central and downward orientationof the outlets 318C and 318D help to ensure that liquid will be able toflow downwardly from the interior 336 of the distributor 316.

The function and operation of system 320 is virtually the same as thatof system 120, described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5. Thesystem 320 is, however, better suited for applications in which thedistributor 316 moves through a wider range of positions such as onboard a marine vessel, in an airplane or other vehicle, or elsewhere.

Referring specifically to FIG. 10, yet another exemplary embodiment of adistribution system 420 is illustrated. Like system 120, system 420includes a distributor 416, distributor outlets 418C, a receptacle 414,a plurality of receptacle outlets 428, a lid 422, an inlet pipe 412, areceptacle support 446, and a pivot joint 448.

The system includes another embodiment of a receptacle, generallydesignated as 414, which is configured to be supported with respect tothe distributor 416 in such a way that the force of gravity helps tomaintain it in a substantially level orientation. The function andoperation of system 420 is virtually the same as that of system 120,described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5, with some notabledifferences in configuration.

As represented in FIG. 10, receptacle 414 has a central portion that isupwardly convex. The receptacle 414 is pivotally mounted via a pivotjoint 448 to a receptacle support 446. Unlike systems 120 and 320,system 420 does not need to include an overflow tube 126 because it doesnot rely upon the buoyancy provided by collected liquid or floatscontacting collected liquid. Instead, liquid flow “B” is delivereddirectly from all receptacle outlets 428 to corresponding distributoroutlets 418C, as liquid flow “C.”

The pivot joint 448 functions to maintain the receptacle 414 (andthereby the receptacle outlets 428) horizontally level, even when thedistributor 416 is not level, as illustrated in FIG. 11. As describedpreviously with reference to system 120 of FIGS. 3-5, in effect thereceptacle 414 is configured to remain horizontally level by the forceof gravity when the distributor 416 is not level. Consequently,separate, reasonably equal quantities of liquid pass through thedistributor outlets 418C for distribution in an absorption field, forexample.

The pivot joint 448 permits only angular movement of the receptacle 414,enabling the receptacle 414 to remain horizontally level. The pivotjoint 448 does not permit rotational movement, thereby ensuring properalignment of the receptacle outlets 428 and the distributor outlets418C. In other words, if the receptacle 414 were permitted to rotate,misalignment of the receptacle 414 with respect to the distributoroutlets 418C may prevent the delivery of liquid flow “B” into theopenings of distributor outlets 418C. The non-rotational feature ofpivot joint 448 helps to ensure that the receptacle 414 remains properlyaligned with respect to the distributor outlets 418C, thereby ensuringthat the distributor outlets 418C will receive liquid flow “B.”

Referring specifically to FIG. 12, a further embodiment of a distributorsystem 520 is illustrated. System 520 includes a receptacle, generallydesignated as 514, that is configured to be suspended with respect tothe distributor 516 in such a way that it remains substantially level.Like system 120, system 520 includes a distributor 516, distributoroutlets 518C, a receptacle 514, a plurality of receptacle outlets 528, alid 522, and an inlet pipe 512. System 520 further includes a suspensionmember 550, a suspension pivot joint 554, and suspension wires 552.

The function and operation of system 520 is virtually the same as thatof system 120, described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5, withsome notable differences in configuration. As represented in FIG. 12,receptacle 514 is pivotally suspended for movement with respect to thedistributor 516. A suspension member 550 is positioned at or near theinlet pipe 512. The receptacle 514 is pivotally suspended from thesuspension member 550 via a structure such as suspension wires 552suspended from a suspension pivot joint 554. Unlike systems 120 and 320,but like system 420, system 520 does not include an overflow tube 126.Instead, similar to system 420 described previously with reference toFIGS. 10 and 11, liquid flow “B” is delivered directly from allreceptacle outlets 528 to corresponding distributor outlets 518C, asliquid flow “C.”

The suspension pivot joint 554 functions to maintain the receptacle 514(and thereby the receptacle outlets 528) horizontally level, even whenthe distributor 516 is not level, as illustrated in FIG. 13. Asdescribed previously with reference to system 120 of FIGS. 3-5, ineffect the receptacle 514 is configured to remain horizontally level bythe force of gravity when the distributor 516 is not level.Consequently, separate, reasonably equal quantities of liquid passthrough the distributor outlets 518C for distribution in an absorptionfield.

Similar to the pivot joint 448 described previously with reference toFIGS. 10 and 11, the suspension pivot joint 554 permits only angularmovement of the receptacle 514, enabling the receptacle 514 to remainhorizontally level. The suspension pivot joint 554 does not permitrotational movement, thereby ensuring proper alignment of the receptacleoutlets 528 and the distributor outlets 518C. In other words, if thereceptacle 514 were permitted to rotate, misalignment of the receptacle514 with respect to the distributor outlets 518C may prevent thedelivery of liquid flow “B” into the openings of distributor outlets518C. The non-rotational feature of suspension pivot joint 554 helps toensure that the receptacle 514 remains properly aligned with respect tothe distributor outlets 518C, thereby ensuring that the distributoroutlets 518C will receive liquid flow “B.”

Referring specifically to FIG. 14, a plan view of yet another exemplaryembodiment of a distribution system 620 is illustrated. Like system 120,system 620 includes a distributor 616, distributor outlets 618C, 618D, areceptacle 614 (shown transparent so that components below thereceptacle 614 are visible), a plurality of receptacle outlets 628 (notshown), floats 632, float connectors 634, a lid 622 (not shown), aninlet pipe 612, an overflow tube 626, a vertical restraint 638 (notshown), and a universal or similar joint 642 (not shown).

The function and operation of system 620 is virtually the same as thatof system 120, described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5, withsome notable differences in the configuration of the distributor 616.

As represented in FIG. 14, the interior of the distributor 616 includeswalls, dividers, compartments, or other means for defining sections orchambers within the distributor 616. For example, distributor 616 mayinclude separation walls 656, creating a multi-chambered interiorincluding chambers 636C, 636D, and 636E. The multi-chambered interiorwill be described subsequently with reference to FIG. 16.

FIG. 15 is a modified cross-sectional side view of the embodiment of thedistribution system 620 represented in FIG. 14. The exemplary embodimentutilizes a receptacle 614 with receptacle outlets 628 that are formed asweirs or notches, as described previously with reference to FIG. 7. Thereceptacle outlets 628 are shaped or otherwise configured to direct orconcentrate flow from the receptacle 614. The receptacle outlets 628shown in FIG. 15 act like spouts to direct flow from the receptacle 614to compartments 636C and 636E within the interior 636 of the distributor616. FIG. 15 is modified somewhat from a true cross-sectional view toemphasize the receptacle 614 and its associated parts.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the distributor component of the distributionsystem illustrated in FIG. 14, with other components removed to moreclearly illustrate the configuration of the separation walls 656.

During operation of the distribution system embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 14-16, liquid flow “A” is delivered from a source through theinlet pipe 612 to the receptacle 614. Liquid flow “B” (represented inFIG. 15) is then delivered through the receptacle outlets 628. A portionof liquid flow “B” is delivered to compartments 636C to be distributedas liquid flows “C,” while another portion of liquid flow “B” collectsin compartment 636E as liquid 630. The liquid level “L” rises in thedistributor interior 636, and as described previously with reference toFIGS. 3 and 4, the buoyancy of the floats 632 in contact with the liquid630 in compartment 636E, combined with the pivoting action of theuniversal joint (not shown), function to maintain the receptacle 614(and thereby the receptacle outlets 628) horizontally level, even whenthe distributor 616 is not level. Although not shown in FIG. 15, apivot, universal, or other joint, such as the joint 142, 342, and 448illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, and 11, can be utilized in theembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14-16.

Unlike distribution systems 120, 320, 420, and 520 described previously,system 620 captures liquid flow “B” in compartments 636C rather thandelivering liquid flow “B” into the openings of distributor outlets118C, 318C, 418C, and 518C. Compartments 636C function like distributoroutlets 118C, 318C, 418C, and 518C in that liquid is distributed throughdistributor outlets 618C as fluid flow “C.”

The liquid level “L” continues to rise in compartment 636E until itreaches the top opening of the overflow tube 626 (illustrated in FIG.15), at which time the liquid 630 that enters the overflow tube 626 isdistributed to compartment 636D. One of the distributor outlets 618D canbe closed at a given time, while the other one remains open. Liquidflows from compartment 636D through the open distributor outlet 618D asliquid flow “D.”

As described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5, because thereceptacle 614 is maintained substantially horizontally level regardlessof the angle at which the distributor 616 is positioned, separate,reasonably equal (or otherwise proportioned) quantities of liquid 630pass through the distributor outlets 618C, 618D for distribution in anabsorption field, for example.

FIGS. 14 and 16 illustrate that the configuration of the separationwalls 656 results in seven distributor outlets 618C and 618D. However,the present invention is not limited to seven distributor outlets 618Cand 618D. Depending upon the distribution needs of the particularapplication, the orientation of the separation walls 656 may be modifiedto result in various numbers and configurations of distributor outlets.

Exemplary separation walls 656 are made from molded or otherwise formedplastic. However, any non-corrosive material, metal or plastic, capableof maintaining the structure of the compartments 636C, 636D, and 636E issuitable.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 17 and 18, a further embodiment of adistributor system 720 is illustrated. System 720 includes a receptacle,generally designated as 714, that is configured to float with respect tothe distributor 716 in such a way that it remains substantially level.Like system 120, system 720 includes a distributor 716, distributoroutlets 718C and 718D, a receptacle 714, a plurality of receptacleoutlets 728, a lid 722 (not shown), an inlet pipe 712 (not shown), anoverflow tube 726, at least one float 732, and an associated floatconnector 734. A portion of liquid flow “B” collects in the distributorinterior 736 as liquid 730. However, unlike system 120, distributorsystem 720 does not have a universal joint or pivot joint. Similar tosystem 620 described previously herein with reference to FIGS. 14 and16, the interior 736 of the distributor 716 includes compartmentseparation walls 756 that define the sections or chambers 736C, 736D,and 736E within the distributor 716.

The function and operation of system 720 is virtually the same as thatof system 120, described previously with reference to FIGS. 3-5, withsome notable to differences in configuration. In summary, duringoperation of the distribution system 720, liquid flow “A” is deliveredfrom a source through the inlet pipe 712 (not shown) to the receptacle714. The liquid flow “B” is then delivered through the receptacleoutlets 728. A portion of liquid flow “B” is delivered to chamber 736Cfrom which liquid flows to distributor outlet 718C to be distributed asliquid flow “C,” while another portion of liquid flow “B” collects inthe distributor interior compartment 736E as liquid 730. The liquidlevel “L” rises in the distributor interior compartment 736E, and thebuoyancy of the floats 732 in contact with the liquid 730 ensures thatthe receptacle outlets 728 reside in a plane substantially parallel tothe level “L” of liquid 730 collected in the distributor interiorcompartment 736E.

One of the notable differences in configuration from system 120, asrepresented in FIG. 17, is that receptacle 714 is not mounted to thedistributor 716, pivotally or otherwise. Horizontal alignment of thereceptacle outlets 728 with respect to the distributor compartments736C, 736D, and 736E is maintained by orienting the compartmentseparation walls 756 such that they allow the receptacle 714 to freelyfloat while restricting its rotation by limiting the horizontal movementof the receptacle's floats 732. In other words, the interaction betweenone or more surfaces associated with the receptacle 714 (e.g., a surfaceof a float 732 connected to the receptacle 714) and one or more surfacesassociated with the distributor 716 (e.g., a surface of a wall portion756 that defines a compartment or chamber 736C, 736D, 736E) can beemployed to restrict the movement of the receptacle 714 with respect tothe distributor 716. Such restriction of the relative movement of thereceptacle 714 can maintain the orientation of the outlets 728 of thereceptacle 714 such that they are oriented to deliver liquid portionstoward outlets 718C and 718D or chambers of the distributor 716.

The liquid level “L” continues to rise in the distributor interiorcompartment 736E until it reaches the top opening of the overflow tube726, at which time the liquid 730 that enters the overflow tube 726 isdirected to chamber 736D and is distributed through distributor outlet718D as liquid flow “D.”

FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the embodiment of FIGS. 17 and 18 wherein thedistributor is tilted out of level. As distributor 716 is tilted,receptacle 714 remains level and contact between the floats 732 and thecompartment separators 756 causes the receptacle outlets 728 (not shown)to remain oriented properly with respect to the distributor compartments736.

FIG. 21 is a plan view and FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of anexemplary embodiment of an optional lid that may be used withdistributor embodiment 720 instead of the lid shown in FIGS. 18-20. Thelid 822 illustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22 has a protrusion 802 that issupported by rods or connectors 801 that connect protrusion 802 to thelid while allowing liquid to flow freely through the lid. Protrusion 802will press onto the center of receptacle 714 forcing the receptacle 714to reside at a position lower than that at which it would freely float.This will increase the buoyant force on floats 732, thereby increasingthe force that keeps receptacle 714 level.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of yet another exemplary embodiment of a liquiddistribution system 920. The embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 17-22 areconfigured to divide inlet flow into two portions. The embodimentillustrated in FIG. 23 (shown without an inlet pipe or lid) is similarin operation but is configured to divide inlet flow into eight portions.While an eight-way distributor is illustrated in FIG. 23, thedistributor system can be modified to have any number of outlets bymodifying the receptacle and/or distributor. Also, the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 23 can be adapted to divide flow into fewer or moreportions by simply closing or opening outlet openings, as needed.

For purposes of illustration, the receptacle 914 in FIG. 23 is showntransparent so that overflow tube 926 and compartment separators 956 arevisible. Distribution system 920 has seven outlets 918C and one outlet918D. System 920 further includes a distributor 916, a plurality ofreceptacle outlets 928, a lid 922 (not shown), an inlet pipe 912 (notshown), a distributor interior 936E and chambers or compartments such as936C and 936D, an overflow tube 926, at least one float 932, and anassociated float connector 934 (not shown). A portion of liquid flow “B”collects in the distributor interior 936E. The distributor 916 includescompartment separation walls 956 for defining sections or chambers 936Cand 936D, and interior region 936E within the distributor 916.

During operation of the distribution system embodiment illustrated inFIG. 23, liquid flow “A” (not shown) is delivered from a source throughthe inlet pipe 912 (not shown) to the receptacle 914. Liquid flow “B” isthen delivered through the receptacle outlets 928. A portion of liquidflow “B” is delivered to compartments 936C to be distributed as liquidflows “C,” while another portion of liquid flow “B” is diverted tointerior region 936E. The liquid level “L” rises in the distributorinterior 936E. The buoyancy of the floats 932 in contact with the liquid930 in interior 936E functions to maintain the receptacle 914 (andthereby the receptacle outlets 928) horizontally level, even when thedistributor 916 is not level.

Horizontal alignment of the receptacle outlets 928 with respect to thedistributor compartments 936C and 936D is maintained by orienting thecompartment separation walls 956 such that they allow the receptacle 914to freely float while restricting its rotation by limiting thehorizontal movement of the receptacle's floats 932. Such restriction ofthe relative movement of the receptacle 914 can maintain the orientationof the outlets 928 of the receptacle 914 such that they are oriented todeliver liquid portions toward outlets 918C and 918D or chambers of thedistributor 916.

The liquid level “L” of liquid 930 continues to rise in interior 936Euntil it reaches the top opening of the overflow tube 926, at which timethe liquid 930 that enters the overflow tube 926 is distributed tocompartment 936D via passageway 937. Liquid flows from compartment 936Dthrough the distributor outlet 918D as liquid flow “D.”

FIG. 23 is included to illustrate that the liquid distribution systemthat is the subject of this document can be constructed in numerousconfigurations to suit many different purposes.

The present invention provides an improvement over conventional methodsof equalizing or proportioning the flow of effluent out of adistribution box. The present invention reduces or eliminates the needfor a user to monitor, inspect, and/or adjust the system to realizeproportionate flow division such as for effluent loading of absorptionfields. The present invention may also be implemented with minimalchanges to conventional distribution boxes. In fact, the invention makesit possible to retrofit some existing distributor boxes, whetherinstalled or not, for future use.

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein withreference to specific, exemplary embodiments, the invention is notintended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, variousmodifications may be made in the details within the scope and range ofequivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention. Forexample, the present invention is not limited to distributing reasonablyequal portions of liquid. Through modification of the size, shape, andorientation of the receptacle outlets and the distributor outlets,varying amounts of liquid may be distributed as desired. For instance,marine vessel applications may require predetermined portions of fluidto be distributed to one or more holding tanks. Also, in the context ofleach fields, one leach line may be longer than another leach line andbe able to accommodate more flow.

The present invention is not limited to use in wastewater and sewagedisposal systems dispersing wastewater and/or effluent. The presentinvention may accommodate any flowing liquid and may support variousapplications. For example, the present invention may support thepetroleum industry by distributing oil or fuel in predeterminedproportions. Furthermore, the present invention may support theagricultural industry by distributing predetermined portions of water tocrops. Similarly, the present invention may distribute potable water insupport of unique commercial or residential development needs. Theshapes, sizes, and materials selected for the various system componentsmay vary depending upon the system application.

While multiple embodiments and variations of the invention have beenshown and described herein, it will be understood that such embodimentsare provided by way of example only. Numerous additional variations,changes and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is intendedthat the appended claims cover all such variations as fall within thespirit and scope of the invention.

1. A system configured to distribute liquid flow into predeterminedproportions, said system comprising: a distributor defining a pluralityof distributor outlets configured to deliver liquid from saiddistributor; and a receptacle positioned to receive liquid, saidreceptacle defining a plurality of receptacle outlets oriented todeliver liquid portions toward said distributor outlets; said receptaclebeing self-leveling such that liquid is divided by said receptacleoutlets into predetermined proportions.
 2. The system recited in claim1, wherein each said receptacle outlet comprises an orifice, passageway,weir, notch, or conduit.
 3. The system recited in claim 1, furthercomprising means for self-leveling said receptacle such that liquid isdivided by said receptacle outlets into predetermined proportions. 4.The system recited in claim 3, said self-leveling means being selectedfrom the group consisting of a float, a support, and a suspensionmember.
 5. The system recited in claim 1, said distributor comprisingmeans for defining chambers configured to receive liquid from saidreceptacle.
 6. The system recited in claim 5, said defining meanscomprising one or more of a wall, a divider, and a compartment.
 7. Thesystem recited in claim 1 wherein said system is configured to restrictmovement of said receptacle with respect to said distributor, therebymaintaining orientation of said receptacle outlets to deliver liquidportions toward said distributor outlets.
 8. The system recited in claim1, wherein a liquid portion from one of said receptacle outlets collectsin an interior of said distributor.
 9. The system recited in claim 8,wherein said receptacle outlets reside in a plane substantially parallelto the level of liquid collected in said interior of said distributor.10. The system recited in claim 8 further comprising at least one floatcoupled to said receptacle to level said receptacle by action ofbuoyancy of said float in contact with liquid collected in said interiorof said distributor.
 11. The system recited in claim 10, wherein saidbuoyancy provided by said float maintains said receptacle horizontallylevel when said distributor is not level.
 12. The system recited inclaim 8, further comprising means for suppressing movement of liquidcollected in said interior of said distributor as said distributormoves.
 13. The system recited in claim 12, wherein said suppressingmeans comprises one or more of an orifice, a baffle, or a porous medium.14. The system recited in claim 4, wherein said distributor defines aninterior to receive liquid and a liquid portion from one of saidreceptacle outlets collects in said interior of said distributor, saidsystem further comprising: at least one float coupled to said receptacleto level said receptacle by action of buoyancy of said float in contactwith liquid collected in said interior of said distributor, wherein saidbuoyancy provided by said float maintains said receptacle horizontallylevel when said distributor is not level such that liquid is divided bysaid receptacle outlets into predetermined proportions.
 15. The systemrecited in claim 7, wherein a surface associated with said receptacle ispositioned to contact a surface associated with said distributor,thereby restricting movement of said receptacle with respect to saiddistributor.
 16. The system recited in claim 15 further comprising afloat coupled to said receptacle, said float being positioned to contactsaid surface associated with said distributor.
 17. The system recited inclaim 15 further comprising a surface of said distributor at leastpartially defining a chamber, said chamber surface being positioned tocontact said surface associated with said receptacle.
 18. The systemrecited in claim 1, wherein said receptacle is pivotally mounted formovement with respect to said distributor.
 19. The system recited inclaim 18, said receptacle being configured to remain horizontally levelby the force of gravity when said distributor is not level.
 20. Thesystem recited in claim 19, said receptacle having a central portionthat is upwardly convex.
 21. The system recited in claim 4, furthercomprising: a support coupled to said distributor, said receptacle beingpivotally mounted to said support for movement with respect to saiddistributor, said receptacle being configured to remain horizontallylevel by the force of gravity when said distributor is not level suchthat liquid is divided by said receptacle outlets into predeterminedproportions.
 22. The system recited in claim 21, wherein said receptacleis coupled to said support so as to limit movement of said receptaclewith respect to said distributor to maintain orientation between saidreceptacle outlets and said distributor outlets.
 23. The system recitedin claim 1, wherein said receptacle is pivotally suspended for movementwith respect to said distributor.
 24. The system recited in claim 23,wherein said receptacle is pivotally suspended so as to limit movementof said receptacle with respect to said distributor to maintainorientation between said receptacle outlets and said distributoroutlets.
 25. The system recited in claim 23, said receptacle beingconfigured to remain horizontally level by the force of gravity whensaid distributor is not level.
 26. The system recited in claim 4,wherein said receptacle is pivotally suspended with respect to saiddistributor, said receptacle being configured to remain horizontallylevel by the force of gravity when said distributor is not level suchthat liquid is divided by said receptacle outlets into predeterminedproportions.
 27. The system recited in claim 26, said distributorcomprising means for defining chambers configured to receive liquid fromsaid receptacle.
 28. The system recited in claim 27, said defining meanscomprising one or more of a wall, a divider, and a compartment.
 29. Amethod for distributing liquid flow into predetermined proportions, saidmethod comprising the steps of: supplying liquid to a receptacle;delivering liquid from the receptacle through a plurality of receptacleoutlets and toward outlets of a distributor; and self-leveling thereceptacle with respect to the distributor such that liquid is dividedby the receptacle outlets into predetermined proportions.
 30. A methodfor configuring a liquid distributor to distribute liquid flow intopredetermined proportions according to claim 29, said method comprisingthe steps of: positioning the receptacle to receive liquid; orientingoutlets of the receptacle to deliver liquid toward outlets of the liquiddistributor; and configuring the receptacle for movement andself-leveling with respect to the liquid distributor such that liquid isdivided by the receptacle outlets into the predetermined proportions.31. The method recited in claim 29 further comprising the step ofcollecting liquid in an interior of the distributor.
 32. The methodrecited in claim 31, wherein said self-leveling step further comprisesmaintaining the receptacle outlets in a plane substantially parallel tothe level of liquid present in the interior of the distributor.
 33. Themethod recited in claim 31, wherein said self-leveling step comprisesfloating the receptacle on liquid in the distributor, therebymaintaining the receptacle horizontally level when the distributor isnot level.
 34. The method recited in claim 30, wherein a portion ofliquid collects in the interior of the liquid distributor, said methodfurther comprising the step of positioning one of the distributoroutlets to receive overflow from the interior of the distributor. 35.The method recited in claim 34, wherein said configuring step furthercomprises coupling at least one float to the receptacle to level thereceptacle by action of buoyancy of the float in contact with liquid inthe interior of the distributor.
 36. The method recited in claim 34,further comprising the step of configuring the distributor to suppressmovement of liquid in the interior of the distributor.
 37. The methodrecited in claim 36, said configuring step comprising the installationof one or more of an orifice, a baffle, or a porous medium to suppressthe movement of the liquid in the interior of the distributor.
 38. Themethod recited in claim 29 further comprising the step of: restrictingmovement of the receptacle with respect to the distributor, therebymaintaining orientation of the receptacle outlets to deliver liquidportions toward the distributor outlets.
 39. The method recited in claim38, said self-leveling step comprising floating the receptacle on liquidin the distributor, and said restricting step comprising contacting asurface of a float or a surface of the receptacle to a surface of thedistributor.
 40. The method recited in claim 29, wherein saidself-leveling step comprises balancing the receptacle with respect to asupport coupled to the distributor, thereby maintaining the receptaclelevel when the distributor is not level.
 41. The method recited in claim30, said configuring step comprising coupling the receptacle to asupport such that the force of gravity maintains the receptaclehorizontally level when the distributor is not level.
 42. The methodrecited in claim 29, wherein said self-leveling step comprisessuspending the receptacle with respect to the distributor, therebymaintaining the receptacle level when the distributor is not level. 43.The method recited in claim 30, said configuring step comprisingsuspending the receptacle with respect to the distributor such that theforce of gravity maintains the receptacle horizontally level when thedistributor is not level.